Revision of European Lonchaea test key from Fri, 2021-02-05 10:42

1.  Eyes; distinctly hairy, setulae longer than width of an ommatidium ………………………….…  2
–   Eyes;  bare or practically bare   ...……………………………………………….…………...  9

2.  Anterior genal setae: forming a single row along mouth margin (Fig. H )  …………………………...  3
–   Anterior genal setae: in multiple rows or widely spread. (Fig. G )  …………………………………   4
   
3.  Legs; tarsomeres brownish yellow. Calypteres; fringe dark.  Wing; Intercostal section (Fig. P) greatly exceeding maximum width of costal cell, costa bare. Scutellum; disc with ~ 6 setulae, the anterior of these arising slightly anterior of a line joining lateral scutellar setae. Proepimeron; with 4-5 setulae Male terminalia (Fig. 1) Surstylus projecting ventrally beyond shell of epandrium for most of its length, inner surface stoutly spinose, phallus bi-segmented, distiphallus slightly sinuous and ~equal in length to basiphallus. Female aculeus, apical segment without very long setae situated half way along dorsal surface.   …………………………………….. hirticeps Zetterstedt 
–  Legs; all tarsomeres black. Calypteres; fringe pale.  Wing; Intercostal section of wing ~ 0.5x maximum width of costal cell, costa usually bearing numerous small black spinules. Male terminalia; Surstylus projecting posteriorly beyond shell of epandrium as a finger-like process, phallus bi-segmented, distiphallus almost straight and longer than basiphallus (Fig.2). Female aculeus, apical segment with a pair of very long setae situated half way along dorsal surface.  ………………………………..…………   corusca  Czerny

4.  Legs; all tarsomeres entirely black dorsally AND ventrally    … (fraxina group)  …..…… 5 
–  Legs; at least some tarsomeres yellow or brown  (Fig. M) (check carefully under t1 of hind leg )  ................................................... 8

5.  Male terminalia; inner surface of surstylus with a distinct row of strong setulae parallel to the ventral margin (Figs. 3, 4 ) ..................................................................................... 6
  – Male terminalia; Inner surface of surstylus with only scattered setulae (Figs. 5, 6) ........... 7

6.   Male terminalia; Inner surface of surstylus; strong setulae forming a single row of ~ 6, a small spiculate rounded process lying anterior to these (Fig. 3). Both sexes - Proepimeron; usually with 2 setae. Scutellum; disc bare. Wing; intercostal space length to depth ratio ~3:1 ..................... angelina MacGowan
–    Male terminalia; Inner surface of surstylus, strong setulae forming double or triple row of between 14 and 20, no rounded small spiculate anterior process (Fig. 4). Both sexes - Proepimeron; usually with > 3 setae. Scutellum; disc usually setulose. Wing; intercostal space length to depth ratio in range of 4-6:1 .....................fraxina MacGowan & Rotheray.

7.  Male terminalia; Inner surface of surstylus with only a few scattered spinules, without an anterior setulose raised area. Basal section of phallus distinctly broader than apical section (Fig.5). Both sexes - Proepimeron; with 1 or occasionally 2/3 setae. Wing; Intercostal section length to depth ratio in range of 2.8-3.3:1 ...................... iona MacGowan.
–    Male terminalia; Inner surface of surstylus with ~ 20-30 scattered spinules, a finely setulose raised area lying anterior to these (Fig. 6). Phallus, basal section only slightly wider than apical section (Fig.). Both sexes - Proepimeron; with 1 or occasionally 2 setae. Wing; Intercostal section length to depth ratio 2 :1.  Eyes: can be bare (see couplet 13).  ..................spicata MacGowan.

8.  Legs; only t1 orange-yellow ventrally (Fig. M).  Proepimeron: ~ 20 setulae. Setulae present in notopleural depression.  Postpedicellus; length to depth 1.7 : 1, entirely black. Wing; length  3.8mm.. Face and parafacials intensely silvery-grey. Male terminalia: Surstylus extending posteriorly as two rounded processes. Phallus, basiphallus narrowing from base to apex. (Fig.7)……..   albigena Collin

*    Lonchaea mamaevi Kovalev, 1973 fits in here - it has lighter (brownish pollinose) genae (Russian far east).

–   Legs; Usually t1-3 yellow, t4 dusky, t5 black. Notopleural depression bare. Wing; length 3.0mm. Postpedicellus; length to depth 1.6 : 1, entirely black.  Male terminalia, Surstylus hardly extending posteriorly from shell of epandrium. Phallus; basiphallus parallel sided (Fig. 8). …………..  nitens (Bigot)

9.    Anterior genal setae: multiserial (Fig. G)   ……………….…………...…….…...  10
–    Anterior genal setae:  forming a single row along mouth margin (Fig. H) ……………………….. …   18

10.   Proepimeron: usually only 1 seta. (Fig. K)   ………………………………….……………..  11
–      Proepimeron: with a few well developed setae / setulae (Fig. J) ……… (patens group ) ..……    15

11.  Males - Legs:  Hind femora without long anterodorsal setae. Male terminalia:: cerci not greatly elongated (widespread species) …………………………………………………………………   12
–    Males - Legs: Hind femora with several long anterodorsal setae on apical half. Male terminalia:: cerci >2x height of  epandrium (Figs. 11 & 12)  (Mediterranean area only ) …………..….   14

12. Legs:  t1 clear orange-yellow in contrast to dark apical segments. Anterior genal setulae; partly multiserial.  Postpedicellus; entirely black, length to depth ratio 2.4:1.  Wing; length 3.5mm. Male terminalia; Cerci diamond- shaped, epandrium with a median bulge, inner surface of surstyli covered with dense short setae. Phallus; a simple J-shape (Fig. 9)…….….… tarsata  Fallen
–    Legs:  completely black. Male terminalia: Phallus bi-segmented. (Figs. 6, 10)  Antennal postpedicellus entirely black, 2x as long as deep.   ………………..   13

13. Male terminalia: Surstylus projecting posteriorly from shell of epandrium as a pointed triangular process, ventral margin of surstylus partly serrate.  Phallus; basiphallus rather straight, distiphallus only slightly recurved apically (Fig. 10). Proepimeron; usually with 2 setae. (AGS can also be considered uniserial)……    ……………………………………………………………………………  stelviana MacGowan
–   Male terminalia: Surstylus posteriorly forming a rounded process, numerous strong setulae extending beyond the ventral margin.  Phallus; basiphallus obviously curved, distiphallus more substantially recurved apically (Fig.6). Proepimeron; with 1 or occasionally 2 setae. Eyes; occasionally setulose (see couplet 7 above)   .................................................................................................   spicata MacGowan.

14.   Males: Legs; Anterior leg with t1 longer than tibia.  Hind tibia with small ventral swelling on basal third, this covered in short, dense setulae. Mid tibia without a fringe of long posterior setae. Male terminalia ; surstylus contained within shell of epandrium, phallus bi-segmented, basiphallus and distiphallus long and sinuous  (Fig. 11)……………..…   longitarsis MacGowan  (Israel)
–   Males: Legs; Anterior leg with t1 of normal length. Mid tibiae apically with a fringe of long posterior setulae. Male terminalia; surstylus projecting ventrally from shell of epandrium as a broad rounded lobe, setulose apically. Phallus only partially bi-segmented, basiphallus and distiphallus relatively broad,  not sinuous (Fig. 12)    …………   setifemora MacGowan  (Spain, S. France)

15.   Legs; Tarsomeres almost entirely dark, at most t1 of hind leg brownish ventrally (Fig M). Proepimeron; 1 well developed seta and a few weaker setulae. Scutellum; a few setulae present on disc. Male terminalia; Surstylus extending ventrally from shell of epandrium as a large spiculate lobe. Phallus with 2 serrated lateral processes (Fig. 13) …………………………….   hyalipennis Zetterstedt
     -   Legs; Tarsomeres obviously yellow/ orange. Male terminalia : not as above ………………………….   16

16.  Scutellum; setulae present on margin anterior to lateral setae (Fig. D). .…………………….……. 17
–   Scutellum; without setulae on margin anterior to lateral setae (Fig F). Proepimeron; with 4 (1 stout and 3 fine) setulae. Male terminalia; phallus; distiphallus strongly curved apically (Fig. 14)  ……..… vagans Kovalev

17.  Proepimeron; with up to 7 setulae. Legs; basal and t2 yellow. Anterior genal setae; obviously multiserial.  Male terminalia; cerci large. Phallus; distiphallus almost straight (Fig. 15). …. . patens  Collin
–    Proepimeron; with ~ 12 setulae. Legs; only basal tarsomeres yellow. Anterior genal setae; only partly multiserial. Male terminalia; cerci small, phallus with distiphallus sinuous (Fig.16).  Frons; densely covered in long black setulae ~. 0.75x length of orbital seta. Orbital plates; with 1 setulae, this more than half as long as orbital seta. Antennal postpedicellus; entirely black, 1.5x as long as deep.  ……………….. germanica MacGowan
 

Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith