@article {2703, title = {Two new species of Silba (Diptera; Lonchaeidae) from Japan with unusual larval development sites.}, year = {2020}, doi = {DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.10 }, author = {Iain MacGowan} } @article {2700, title = {The black fig fly Silba adipata (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) as an emerging pest in Tunisia: preliminary data on geographic distribution, bioecology and damage}, year = {2020}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Khaled_Abbes/publication/348288074_The_black_fig_fly_Silba_adipata_Diptera_Lonchaeidae_as_an_emerging_pest_in_Tunisia_preliminary_data_on_geographic_distribution_bioecology_and_damage/links/5ff6dea092851c13fef3d782/The} } @article {2362, title = {New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from Madagascar}, journal = {Israel Journal of Entomology}, volume = {49}, year = {2019}, pages = {223-242}, abstract = {

Six new species of Lonchaeidae in two genera are described from\ the island of Madagascar: Dasiops kaplani n. sp., Dasiops pencila
n. sp., Silba andasibe n. sp., Silba longigonite n. sp., Silba\ macrogonite\ n. sp. and Silba setigonite n. sp. One species new to\ Madagascar\—\ Silba virescens Macquart, 1851\—is recorded, and\ previous\ records from the islands are re-evaluated. The known\ fauna now numbers 12 species in three genera. A key is provided
to all the Lonchaeidae species presently known from the island.\ The presence of further undescribed species of Lonchaea Fall\én,\ 1820 and Dasiops Rondani, 1856 is noted.

}, doi = {DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3559548; ISSN}, author = {Iain MacGowan} } @article {2341, title = {NEW RECORDS OF LANCE FLIES (DIPTERA: LONCHAEIDAE) TO BULGARIA AND MONTENEGRO WITH NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAMILY LONCHAEIDAE FOR THE BALKAN PENINSULA}, journal = {Silva Balcanica}, volume = {20}, year = {2019}, pages = {85-88}, abstract = {

Two species of the family Lonchaeidae (Lonchaea peregrina and Silba fumosa) are recorded as new to the fauna of Bulgaria and one lonchaeid (Lonchaea affinis) is recorded as new to Montenegro and also to the Balkan Peninsula. With these data the number of the Bulgarian lonchaeids is 5 species and for Montenegro is 3. For the Balkan Peninsula the family Lonchaeidae is not well studied and it is average investigated only in Greece where the fauna presents 22 species up to now. The entire number of Lonchaeidae species for the Balkan Peninsula is 26.\ 

}, doi = {DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8235389}, author = {Mihail Kechev and Mario Langourov} } @article {2331, title = {Silba capsicarum (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), a newly recognized pest of chilli pepper in Java}, journal = {Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology}, volume = {22}, year = {2019}, pages = {83-86}, abstract = {

The lonchaeid fly Silba capsicarum is recorded for the first time from the island of Java where it is considered a potential pest of chilli pepper. The taxonomy and ecology of the species is reviewed and comparisons are drawn with Lonchaeidae attacking Capsicum spp. in the Neotropics. Initial results on the level of infestation in Java are provided

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2018.12.003 }, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226861518306101?via\%3Dihub}, author = {Iain MacGowan and Aunu Rauf} } @article {2328, title = {A new species of Silba (Diptera; Lonchaeidae) associated with figs}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4455}, year = {2018}, pages = {196-200}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4455.1.10}, author = {Iain MacGowan and Stephen G. Compton} } @article {2320, title = {Note sur la pr{\'e}sence de trois esp{\`e}ces de Lonchaeidae en Belgique (Diptera: Brachycera)}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} royale belge d{\textquoteright}Entomologie/Bulletin van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Entomologie,}, volume = {153}, year = {2017}, pages = {179{\textendash}182}, abstract = {

Three species, Lonchaea postica, Lonchaea ultima and Silba fumosa are added to the Belgian fauna

}, author = {BAUGNEE, J.-Y.} } @article {2291, title = {A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A{\textquoteright}la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera, Insecta)}, journal = {Zookeys}, volume = {636}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

This paper list Silba virescens from Saudi Arabia

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.9905 }, author = {El-Hawagry, M. S. and Abdel-Dayem, M. S. and Elgharbawy, A. A. and Al Dhafer , H. M.} } @article {2245, title = {Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Suite du 4e supplement publie dans Les Memoires de 1849}, journal = {Soc. des Sci etc. Lille Mem }, volume = {1850}, year = {1849}, pages = {134-249}, author = {Mcquart, J.} } @article {2236, title = {A review of the Silba admirabilis McAlpine species group (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) with descriptions of thirteen new species from the Afrotropical region}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4032}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {515 - 534}, abstract = {

The Silba admirabilis species group is diagnosed within the genus Silba Macquart by the combination of partly yellow
tarsomeres and the distinctive features of the male genitalia. Thirteen new species within this species group are described from the Afrotropical region; namely Silba bakongo MacGowan sp. nov., Silba boulangi MacGowan sp. nov., Silba bredoi MacGowan sp. nov., Silba garamba MacGowan sp. nov., Silba hambai MacGowan sp. nov., Silba inimvua\ MacGowan sp. nov., Silba lubumbashi MacGowan sp. nov., Silba mbuti MacGowan sp. nov., Silba saegeri MacGowan sp. nov., Silba spiculata MacGowan sp. nov., Silba tekei MacGowan sp. nov., Silba upemba MacGowan sp. nov., and Silba wittei MacGowan sp. nov. Ten previously described\  species within the genus Silba are also identified as belonging to the S. admirabilis species group. One species of the genus Lonchaea also belonging to this group is re-assigned to Silba.
The synonymies Silba displata McAlpine, 1964 = Silba hilli (Malloch, 1928) and Silba fragranti MacGowan, 2007 = Silba\ chalkei McAlpine, 1956 are established. A key and illustrations of male genitalia are provided to all species. Further\ information is presented relating to the taxonomy and distribution of previously described members of this species group\ whose range extends from the Afrotropical to Australasian regions.

}, author = {Iain MacGowan} } @article {2214, title = {The picture-winged flies and related families (Diptera, Tephritoidea) of the Maltese Islands}, journal = {Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Malta}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, pages = {73-91}, abstract = {

Contains records of Silba adipata, Silba fumosa and Llamprolonchaea smaragdi from Malta

}, author = {EBEJER, M.J.} } @article {2192, title = {The Lonchaeidae of Fiji (Diptera: Schizophora)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3814}, year = {2014}, pages = {537-552}, abstract = {

The status of the family Lonchaeidae on the islands of the Fiji group is reviewed. Data are provided from trapping undertaken as part of the NSF-Fiji Terrestrial Arthropod Survey and from Fijian Lonchaeidae in the collections of the Bishop Museum, Hawaii and the Natural History Museum, London. Five new species, Lonchaea fiji sp. nov., Lonchaea melanesia sp. nov., Lonchaea vanua sp. nov., Silba kadavu sp. nov. and Silba setiphallus sp. nov. are described. Two species new to Fiji, Dasiops ruidifrons McAlpine, 1964 amd Lamprolonchaea lustrata McAlpine, 1964, are recorded. Five species previously recorded, Lamprolonchaea brouniana (Bezzi, 1919), Lamprolonchaea smaragdi (Walker, 1849), Lonchaea cyaneonitens Kert\ész, 1901, Silba calva (Bezzi, 1913) and Silba setifera (de Meijere, 1910) are re-evaluated and are removed from the checklist. The fauna is now considered to comprise of 11 species in 4 genera. A key is provided to the Lonchaeidae present on the islands.

}, author = {Iain MacGowan} } @article {2162, title = {On some arthropods associated with Ficus species (Moraceae) in the Maltese Islands}, journal = {Bulletin of the entomological Society of Malta}, volume = {5}, year = {2012}, pages = {5-34}, abstract = {

Material examined. MALTA:\  Zejtun, 7 adults emerged between 8-12.vii.2011 from fruit of Ficus carica collected on 28.vi.2011, DM; Paola (Addolorata Cemetery), 6 adults emerged between 2-8.ix.2011 from fruit of F. carica collected on 21.viii.2011, AF. GOZO: Munxar, 37 adults emerged on 3-10.ix.2011 from fruit of Ficus carica collected on 20.viii.2011, AF \& DM; Buskett, 12 adults emerged between 1-6.vii.2011 from fruit of F. carica collected on 8.vii.2011, DM.

Notes. Silba adipata (Fig. 50) is known from Spain (Mallorca), Italy, Montenegro, Greece, Cyprus, Canary Islands, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt and South Africa (mACgoWAn \& freidBerg, 2008). It is exclusively found on Ficus carica where its larvae feed on the tissue of the syconia just under the peel, destroying the fruit and causing unripe fruit to fall prematurely. As such the present mention of this species from Malta represents a new record for this country. However, Borg (1992) states that the \"fig fly (Lonchaea aristella Beck) is frequently met with on our fig trees, particularly on trees growing near heaps of manure, close to the farmstead, ...\”. Lonchaea aristella is a synonym of Silba virescens Macquart, 1851 although the fact that this was recorded from figs may be a good indication of a misidentification of S. adipata (MacGowan \& Freidberg, 2008). sALiBA (1963), following Borg\’s (1922) record, again mentioned Lonchaea aristella as occasionally found on figs.

}, author = {Mifsud, D. and Falzon, A. and Malumphy, C. and Lillo, E. and Vovlas, N. and Porcelli, F.} } @article {2110, title = {New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from Japan and a re-evaluation of genus Setisquamalonchaea Morge}, journal = {Entomological Science }, volume = {16}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {196{\textendash}202}, abstract = {

Three new species of Lonchaeidae are described from material reared from fig syconia in Japan: Silba inubiwa sp. nov., S. ishigaki sp. nov. and S. japonica sp. nov. Based on the taxonomy of these and similar species the boundaries of the genus Silba are re-evaluated, and, as a result, it is considered that Setisquamalonchaea Morge is synonymous with Silba Macquart. A revised key and generic notes on the tribe Lonchaeini are provided.

}, author = {Iain MacGowan and Tomoko Okamoto} } @article {2066, title = {Identities of Lonchaeid flies described by Kert{\'e}sz with notes on related species (Diptera : Lonchaeidae).}, journal = {Canadian Entomologist,}, volume = {102}, year = {1970}, pages = {442-453}, abstract = {The seven nominal species of Lonchaeidae described by Kert{\'e}sz, namely, Lamprolonchaea metatarsata (Kert{\'e}sz), Lonchaea megacera Kert{\'e}sz, Silba albisquama (Kert{\'e}sz), Silba biroi (Kert{\'e}sz), Silba pollinosa (Kert{\'e}sz), Silba excisa (Kert{\'e}sz), and Lonchaea cyaneonitens Kert{\'e}sz are redescribed and figured. Lectotypes are designated for metatarsata, albisquama, pollinosa, and excisa; biroi is sunk as a synonym of albisquama. Figures of the male genitalia of Lonchaea dasyscutella McAlpine, related to Lonchaea megacera, and of Silba imitata McAlpine and Silba emulata McAlpine, two species that are closely related to Silba albisquama, are provided.}, author = {McAlpine, J.F} } @article {1916, title = {Lonchaea aristtella Beck. (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) dannosa alle inflorescenze e fruitescenze del Caprifico e del Fico}, journal = {Bolletino del laboratorio di Zoologica generale e agraria della R.Scuola superiore d{\textquoteright}agricoltura in Portici.}, volume = {13}, year = {1917}, pages = {123-146}, abstract = {

The first in depth study of the damage caused to figs by the black fig fly Silba adipata ( referred to as Lonchaea aristella in this paper). The paper contains illustrations o]f the adult main body parts including aculeus and male genitalia; eggs, puparia and detailed drawings of the larvae including head skeleton. There are several black and white photos of the larvae within figs. The paper also contains information on the parasitic wasp Pachyneuron vindemmiae

Records this species from Italy, Spain, Portugal and Algeria

}, author = {Silvestri, F} } @article {1900, title = {Records of interesting flies (Diptera) attracted to meat baited pyramidal trap on sapping stump of European walnut (Juglans regia) in Central Bohemia (Czech Republic)}, journal = {{\v C}as. Slez. Muz. Opava (A),}, volume = {60}, year = {2011}, pages = {223-233}, abstract = {Lonchaea tarsata is recorded from the Czech Republic for the first time. Lonchaeidae occurred rather abundantly (135 specimens and the species richness (16 species) was high. Records of Lonchaea chorea (Fabricius, 1781) Setisquamalonchaea fumosa (Egger, 1862). Chaetolonchaea dasyops (Meigen, 1826), Earomyia viridana (Meigen, 1826) and Protearomyia nigra (Meigen, 1826), The above mentioned five species comprised about half of the number of lonchaeid specimens collected. Also Lonchaea palposa Zetterstedt, 1847 (24 specimens), L. scutellaris Rondani, 1874 (18 specimens), L. fugax Becker, 1895 (10 specimens), L. peregrina Becker, 1895 (2 specimens) and L. stackelbergi Czerny, 1934 (1 specimen) L. contigua Collin, 1953 and L. contraria Czerny, 1934 , L. sylvatica Beling, 1873 L. hyalipennis Zetterstedt, 1847, L. tarsata Fall{\'e}n, 1820, L. postica Collin, 1953).}, url = {http://versita.metapress.com/content/l61u7514338341k6/}, author = {Miroslav Bart{\'a}k and Jind{\v r}ich Roh{\'a}{\v c}ek} } @article {1841, title = {Some biological aspects on the fig fruit fly, Silba virescens, Maquart.}, journal = {Journal Agricultural Research Review }, volume = {58}, year = {1980}, pages = {239-244}, abstract = {THIS PAPER ALMOST CERTAINLY RELATES TO S.adipsta Laboratory studies were carried out in Egypt on the biology of the fig pest Silba virescens Macq. Egg hatch was highest at 25 deg C. The larval stage (3 instars) lasted 7.3 days at 30 deg C, and the pupal stage 33.4 days at 15 deg C and 21.3 days at 20 deg C. Adult emergence was highest at 25 deg C and 75\% RH, and the sex ratio was 1:1. Copulation occurred most frequently about 3 days after emergence. About 96\% of eggs were laid in groups under the 1st 3 layers of scales surrounding the aperture of small unripe fruits. Figs 1-2.5 cm in diameter and 8-15 days old were the most preferred for oviposition. Field observations indicated that there were 6 generations a year.}, isbn = {0374-5252}, author = {Awadallah, A. M. and Kira, M. T. and El-Borollosy, F. M. and Hashem, A. G.} } @article {1782, title = {The black fig fly Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera, Lonchaeidae), a little known fig pest in Montenegro.}, journal = {Agroznanje - Agro-knowledge Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2009}, pages = {31-40}, abstract = {On the Montenegrin seacoast, although there are suitable climatic and edaphic conditions for more important fig production, this fruit are grown extensively, mostly in backyards and small orchards, where chemical control has almost not been applied. Therefore, every season there are good conditions for development of already existing pests, and new or previously not enough known pests, as well. During end of August in 2004, in Lastva Grbaljska, in fig fruit (cultivar patlid{\v z}anka) several dipterean larvae were noticed. They were slightly smaller and tender than, already known, larvae of the meditteranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata, which has been, until than, the only known dipterean recognized as fig pest in Montenegro. After those larvae were examined in laboratory, it was noticed that posterior spiracles were different in comparison with C. capitata and formed pupae, as well. After adult emergence it was additionally confirmed the pest is black fig fly Silba adipata Mc Alpine (=Lonchaea aristella Beck.). During first half of July and second half of August in 2005 in Radanovic{\textasciiacute}i and {\v S}u{\v s}anj premature green fruit drop of cultivars rezavica and su{\v s}alica were noticed. After those fruits were examined in laboratory, presence of same larvae were noticed in majority of those, and damages of fruit tissue caused by larvae in form of brown galleries, as well. Round exit hole, formed by fully grown larva which already left the fruit, was also noticeable on majority of fallen fruits. Starting from the second half of August and during September in Lastva Grbaljska presence of larvae in semiripen and ripen fig fruits (cultivar patlid{\v z}anka) was noticed again. After fig fruits were sampled in period from half of July until half of September in 2006 and 2007 and examined, it was concluded that infestation of unripe figs was one of the main reasons for premature fruit drop. It was very noticable during July and first half of August for cultivars rezavica and su{\v s}alica. Premature fruit drop was not noticeably detected in green fig fruit cultivar patlid{\v z}anka. In this paper morphological characteristics of the species, importance of the pest, symptoms and intensity of attack are presented.}, url = {http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20103170504.html;jsessionid=716C2D41E3D9C8DB83D0DE8412A970E9}, author = {Radonjic, S. and Hrncic, S.} } @article {1781, title = {Predation on the pollinating fig wasp of Ficus erecta by larvae of Silba sp. (Diptera: Lonchaeidae)}, journal = {Entomological Science}, volume = {15}, year = {2012}, pages = {288-293}, abstract = {This study examined the insect assemblage within the syconium of the dioecious fig Ficus erecta Thunb., 1786 (Moraceae) on Kii-Oshima Island, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Species present included pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps Blastophaga nipponica Grandi, 1921 and Sycoscapter inubiae Ishii, 1934, respectively, as well as an undetermined species of Silba Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Lonchaeidae). Larvae of Silba sp. were found only in fig syconia containing B. nipponica. Observations revealed that larvae of Silba sp. fed on female adults of B. nipponica within fig galls by thrusting their heads through the intersegmental membrane. Furthermore, larvae of Silba sp. had a high predation rate (90\%). These observations suggest that larvae of Silba sp. are specialized for feeding on B. nipponica and have a negative effect on populations of this species.}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2012.00522.x/abstract}, author = {Tomoko Okamoto and Iain MacGowan and Su Zhi-Hui} } @article {1764, title = {REVISION DE LAS ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA LONCHAEIDAE EN EL PERU (D{\'I}PTERA: ACALYPTRATAE) 1}, journal = {ANALES 1er. CONGRESO LATINO AMERICANO DE ENTOMOLOG{\'I}A. Rev. Per. Entom}, volume = {14}, year = {1971}, pages = {87=116}, abstract = {This is a revision of the systematic status of the species of Lonchaeidae from Peru, collected mostly in the Northern part of the Country in 1967-70. Previously described species by Hennig (1948) and McAlpine (1964), from material collected in the south and south-eastern part of the country were also included in this revision. Most of the species were collected by McPhail traps and no data on larval habits were recorded; however, the species Silba pendula (Bezzi), because of its economic importance as a fruit-pest, was thoroughly studied. All the. species treated are included, in the 3 known neotropical genera, Dasiops, Lonehaea, and Silba. Of 46 neotropical species of Dasiops Rondani, 19 species were collected in Peru, including 2 new species, D. chotanus n.sp., and D. ahusatus n.sp.; of 24 neotropical species of Lonchaea Fallen, 12 species ivere collected in Peru, including 2 new species, L. longistyla h.sp. and L. mcalpinei n.sp.; and of the 10 neotropical species of Silba Macquart, 6 species were collected in Peru, including a new species S. pseudopendula n.sp. A key of genera, based in McAlpine{\textquoteright}s (1960), a catalog for the neotropical species of the family, a key for the Peruvian species and a maps of their distribution in the national territories, are included: Descriptions are acompanied by drawings of male genital armatures and/or female ovipositors. }, url = {http://www.revperuentomol.com.pe/publicaciones/vol14/MOSCAS-LONCHAEIDAE-DEL-PERU.pdf}, author = {Korytkoioski, C.A. and Ojeda, D.} } @article {1680, title = {A new species of fig-feeding Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from India and a checklist for the family in the Indian sub-continent}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3242}, year = {2012}, pages = {47-52}, abstract = {A new species of Lonchaeidae, Silba lashker sp. nov. is described from specimens reared from figs in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The adult and larvae are described and comparisons are made with other species in the genus. A checklist for the Indian sub-continent is provided which lists twenty four species in four genera including one new species and a further four species recorded from the sub-continent for the first time. The family Lonchaeidae is reported for the first time from the biodiversity hotspot region of the Kashmir valley.}, author = {Iain MacGowan and NAKEER RAZAK and Graham Rotheray and IRFAN AHMAD} } @article {1661, title = {212 especies de d{\'\i}pteros de Galicia (NO Espa{\~n}a) (Insecta: Diptera)}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n BIGA}, volume = {9}, year = {2010}, pages = {89-108}, abstract = {Protearomyia nigra, Setisquamalonchaea fumosa and Silba adipata are recorded for the first time from Galicia in north-west SPAIN}, issn = {ISSN: 1886-5453}, author = {Carles-Tolra, M. and Camano Portela, J.L. and Pino Perez, J.J. and Pino Perez, R.} } @article {1540, title = {Descriptions of New Lonchaeidae (Diptera) II}, journal = {Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {96}, year = {1964}, pages = {701 - 757}, abstract = {

Descriptions are presented for 86 new Lonchaeidae as follows: Silba Macquart, 19 species: 7 from Australia, 6 from Africa, 3 from Madagascar, and 3 from the Solomon Islands.; Lonchaea Falltn, 67 species: 50 from North $\#$America, 6 from Africa, 3 from Australia, 2 from Colombia, 2 from the Caroline Islands, and one from each of the following: New Hebrides Islands, India, Fiji Islands and France.

}, author = {McAlpine, J.F} } @article {1412, title = {A new species of Silba (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) from Puerto Rico.}, journal = {J. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico }, volume = {57}, year = {1962}, pages = {167 - 168}, abstract = {Includes the type description of (Silba) = Neosilba perezi}, author = {Romero S.J.I. and Ruppel. R.F.} } @article {1405, title = {Old World lonchaeids of the genus Silba Macquart (= Carpolonchaea Bezzi), with descriptions of six new species (Diptera Lonchaeidae). }, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {88}, year = {1956}, pages = {521 - 544}, abstract = {This paper describes as new Silba abstata, S. adipata, S. admiralis, S. capiscarum, S. chalkei and S. fraterna. Further descriptions are also provided of S. aristella (Becker) (now regarded as a synonym of S. virescens), S. atratula (description and illustrations are actually of S. vanemdeni), S. excisa (Kertesz), S. ficiperda (Bezzi), S.filifera (Bezzi), S. ophyroides (Bezzi) S. plumossisima (Bezzi) and S. setifera (De Meijere) }, author = {McAlpine, J.F} } @article {1403, title = {Field observations on the biology and behavior of the black fig fly Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera, Lonchaeidae), and trapping experiments}, journal = {Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie}, volume = {95 }, year = {1983}, pages = {471 - 476}, abstract = {Large populations of the black fig fly, Silba adipata McAlpine, previously misidentified as Lonchaea (Carpolonchaea) aristella Becker, were observed on fig trees in Chios, Greece. On fig trees flies fed mostly during the morning and late afternoon hours, predominantly on sweet exudates from ripe figs and on fresh or dry milky fig-tree sap exuded from injuried plant parts. The odor of this sap attracted the flies. Oviposition always took place in the eye of unripe figs, mostly during the afternoon hours until dark. As many as 63 S. adipata pupae were obtained from a single unripe fig. A parasite, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani (Hym., Pteromalidae), emerged from S. adipata pupae. McPhail traps baited with 2\% ammonium sulfate or 0.5 to 1 ml fresh fig-tree sap were attractive for the flies. Sticky, yellow traps were not effective}, author = {Katsoyannos, B.I.} } @article {1402, title = {Hexanol: a potent attractant for the black fig fly, Silba adipata.}, journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, volume = {35}, year = {1984}, pages = {71-74}, abstract = {Hexanol was the only field attractant for the black fig fly, Silba adipata, among seven generally-occurring plant volatiles tested. This leaf alcohol, dispensed in polyethylene vials inside clear invaginated McPhail traps suspended on fig trees, captured 60 flies/trap/day with a 3:1 ratio of females to males. Hexanol alone was just as effective an attractant as a 2\% ammonium sulpate solution but much more selective in attracting S. adipata. However, the combination of hexanol with ammonium sulphate captured three times as many S. adipata as either attractant alone}, author = {Katsoyannos, B.I. and Guerin, P.M.} } @article {1401, title = {Effect of some attractive bait traps and independant factors in population density of Fig Fly Fruit Silba virescens (MacQ.) (Lonchidae; Diptera) in Nineveh province Iraq.}, journal = {Arab J. Plant Prot.}, volume = {24}, year = {2006}, pages = {41-44}, abstract = {Page Editors note - the species referred to here as Silba virescence (sic) is most probably Silba adipata McAlpine The study was carried out at a fig orchard contains two fig varieties, i.e. Northern Banati and Turkish black, at Al-Qubba village in Rashidyia, during the period from April to December 2000, to test the effect of six types of attraction bait traps and independent factors on population density of fig fly fruit Silba virescence (Macq.). The traps were hung at three different heights (1.5, 2 and 2.5 m). Results indicated the efficiency of two types; the fourth type (date honey and water at a proportion of 1:9) and the fifth type comprising a mixture of sugar (10\%) and date vinegar (30\%), both attracted an average of 43.2 and 45.1 fly/trap, respectively. The control trap type 6, containing water only, was the least attractive 0.9 fly/trap. As for the traps height, the height 2.5m attracted an average 34.3 fly/trap. The Turkish black proved to be more susceptible to infestation by the fly than the second variety (Northern Banati) (34.2 and 14.0\%, respectively). The calculated mathematical equation of the effect of independent factors (temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) on the population density of the fly have shown positive and direct effect of temperature and wind speed on the vitality of the fly on one hand and the negative effect and an inverse relationship with relative humidity. Key words: Fig fruit flies, Silba virescence, bait traps, Iraq. Corresponding author: S.I. Abdullah, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, Nineveh, Iraq.}, author = {Abdullah, S.I. and Fandy, K. T.} } @article {1386, title = {Further notes on the Lonchaeidae (Dipt.) with descriptions of new species from Africa and Asia}, journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research}, volume = {11}, year = {1920}, pages = {204 - 210}, abstract = {

This is a follow on paper from Bezzi (1919). In this paper he gives a key to what he terms the \"Ethiopian\" species of Lonchaeidae introducing as new species Dasiops phaeolepis, Lonchaea continentalis, L. impressifrons, Silba laevis and S. ophyroides. A key to the Indo- Australian species is also provided in which Silba pallicarpa, S. bisulcata are described as new species

}, author = {Bezzi, M.} } @article {1385, title = {Acalypterate Diptera from Afghanistan}, journal = {Folia Entomologica Hungarica}, volume = {30}, year = {1977}, pages = {133 - 142}, abstract = {Includes notes on Micropezidae and Lonchaeidae. Describes Silba pappi new to science but no illustration of male genitalia provided}, keywords = {Silba pappi}, author = {Soos, A.} } @article {1318, title = {Mediterranean black fig fly, Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), recorded from South Africa}, journal = {African Entomology }, volume = {15}, year = {2007}, pages = {383{\textendash}384}, abstract = {

The black fig fly, Silba adipata McAlpine, 1956 (Lonchaeidae) an agricultural pest species previously known only from the Mediterranean and Middle East regions, has been found in South Africa for the first time.

}, author = {J.H. Giliomee and E. Venter and M. Wohlfarter} } @article {1310, title = {The Lonchaeidae (Diptera) of Israel, with descriptions of three new species}, journal = {ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY,}, volume = {38}, year = {2008}, pages = {61- 92}, abstract = {The Lonchaeidae fauna of Israel is reviewed, and three new species are described: Lonchaea longitarsis, Protearomyia hermonensis, and Silba israel. S. israel is recorded also from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and some specimens of S. adipata are recorded from countries adjacent to Israel. A key is provided to the six genera and twelve species currently known from Israel, and locality records and general distribution are provided for all the species. Figures of male and/or female terminalia are provided for all the species.}, url = {http://www.entomology.org.il/sites/default/files/pdfs/ENTOM\%2004-MacGowan\%20FINAL.pdf }, author = {Iain MacGowan and Amnon Freidberg} } @article {1306, title = {New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera; Schizophora) from central and southern Africa}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {967}, year = {2005}, pages = {1 - 23}, abstract = {

Eleven new species of Lonchaeidae are described, namely, Lamprolonchaea longicercus MacGowan sp. nov. (Tanzania), Lonchaea asymmetrica MacGowan, sp. nov. (Tanzania), Lonchaea grandiseta MacGowan, sp. nov. (Botswana \& Namibia); Silba budongo MacGowan sp. nov (Uganda) , Silba calceus MacGowan, sp. nov. (Namibia); Silba figurata MacGowan sp. nov (Uganda), Silba gongeti MacGowan sp. nov (Uganda), Silba namibia MacGowan, sp. nov. (Namibia), Silba quadridentata MacGowan, sp. nov. (Uganda), Silba spatulata MacGowan, sp. nov. (Tanzania) and Silba uganda MacGowan sp. nov (Uganda) The previously unknown male of Lonchaea haplosetifera McAlpine is also described from South Africa. New records of Lonchaeidae species are provided for Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania and Zambia

}, author = {Iain MacGowan} }