00602nas a2200073 4500008004100000245015800041210006900199856026000268 2020 eng d00aThe black fig fly Silba adipata (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) as an emerging pest in Tunisia: preliminary data on geographic distribution, bioecology and damage0 ablack fig fly Silba adipata Diptera Lonchaeidae as an emerging p uhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Khaled_Abbes/publication/348288074_The_black_fig_fly_Silba_adipata_Diptera_Lonchaeidae_as_an_emerging_pest_in_Tunisia_preliminary_data_on_geographic_distribution_bioecology_and_damage/links/5ff6dea092851c13fef3d782/The00512nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001000207490000600217520010100223100001700324856004900341 2015 eng d00aThe picture-winged flies and related families (Diptera, Tephritoidea) of the Maltese Islands0 apicturewinged flies and related families Diptera Tephritoidea of a73-910 v73 a

Contains records of Silba adipata, Silba fumosa and Llamprolonchaea smaragdi from Malta

1 aEBEJER, M.J. uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/node/221402201nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300000900197490000600206520166500212100001501877700001501892700001701907700001401924700001501938700001701953856004901970 2012 eng d00aOn some arthropods associated with Ficus species (Moraceae) in the Maltese Islands0 asome arthropods associated with Ficus species Moraceae in the Ma a5-340 v53 a

Material examined. MALTA:  Zejtun, 7 adults emerged between 8-12.vii.2011 from fruit of Ficus carica collected on 28.vi.2011, DM; Paola (Addolorata Cemetery), 6 adults emerged between 2-8.ix.2011 from fruit of F. carica collected on 21.viii.2011, AF. GOZO: Munxar, 37 adults emerged on 3-10.ix.2011 from fruit of Ficus carica collected on 20.viii.2011, AF & DM; Buskett, 12 adults emerged between 1-6.vii.2011 from fruit of F. carica collected on 8.vii.2011, DM.

Notes. Silba adipata (Fig. 50) is known from Spain (Mallorca), Italy, Montenegro, Greece, Cyprus, Canary Islands, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt and South Africa (mACgoWAn & freidBerg, 2008). It is exclusively found on Ficus carica where its larvae feed on the tissue of the syconia just under the peel, destroying the fruit and causing unripe fruit to fall prematurely. As such the present mention of this species from Malta represents a new record for this country. However, Borg (1992) states that the "fig fly (Lonchaea aristella Beck) is frequently met with on our fig trees, particularly on trees growing near heaps of manure, close to the farmstead, ...”. Lonchaea aristella is a synonym of Silba virescens Macquart, 1851 although the fact that this was recorded from figs may be a good indication of a misidentification of S. adipata (MacGowan & Freidberg, 2008). sALiBA (1963), following Borg’s (1922) record, again mentioned Lonchaea aristella as occasionally found on figs.

1 aMifsud, D.1 aFalzon, A.1 aMalumphy, C.1 aLillo, E.1 aVovlas, N.1 aPorcelli, F. uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/node/216201077nas a2200121 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001200231490000700243520054800250100001700798856014000815 1917 eng d00aLonchaea aristtella Beck. (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) dannosa alle inflorescenze e fruitescenze del Caprifico e del Fico0 aLonchaea aristtella Beck Diptera Lonchaeidae dannosa alle inflor a123-1460 v133 a

The first in depth study of the damage caused to figs by the black fig fly Silba adipata ( referred to as Lonchaea aristella in this paper). The paper contains illustrations o]f the adult main body parts including aculeus and male genitalia; eggs, puparia and detailed drawings of the larvae including head skeleton. There are several black and white photos of the larvae within figs. The paper also contains information on the parasitic wasp Pachyneuron vindemmiae

Records this species from Italy, Spain, Portugal and Algeria

1 aSilvestri, F uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/lonchaea-aristtella-beck-diptera-lonchaeidae-dannosa-alle-inflorescenze-e-fruitescenze-del-caprifico01304nas a2200169 4500008004100000020001400041245007600055210006900131300001200200490000700212520073100219100002200950700001700972700002500989700001901014856010101033 1980 eng d a0374-525200aSome biological aspects on the fig fruit fly, Silba virescens, Maquart.0 aSome biological aspects on the fig fruit fly Silba virescens Maq a239-2440 v583 aTHIS PAPER ALMOST CERTAINLY RELATES TO S.adipsta Laboratory studies were carried out in Egypt on the biology of the fig pest Silba virescens Macq. Egg hatch was highest at 25 deg C. The larval stage (3 instars) lasted 7.3 days at 30 deg C, and the pupal stage 33.4 days at 15 deg C and 21.3 days at 20 deg C. Adult emergence was highest at 25 deg C and 75% RH, and the sex ratio was 1:1. Copulation occurred most frequently about 3 days after emergence. About 96% of eggs were laid in groups under the 1st 3 layers of scales surrounding the aperture of small unripe fruits. Figs 1-2.5 cm in diameter and 8-15 days old were the most preferred for oviposition. Field observations indicated that there were 6 generations a year.1 aAwadallah, A., M.1 aKira, M., T.1 aEl-Borollosy, F., M.1 aHashem, A., G. uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/some-biological-aspects-fig-fruit-fly-silba-virescens-maquart02723nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149300001000218490000700228520222200235100001702457700001502474856010002489 2009 eng d00aThe black fig fly Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera, Lonchaeidae), a little known fig pest in Montenegro.0 ablack fig fly Silba adipata McAlpine Diptera Lonchaeidae a littl a31-400 v103 aOn the Montenegrin seacoast, although there are suitable climatic and edaphic conditions for more important fig production, this fruit are grown extensively, mostly in backyards and small orchards, where chemical control has almost not been applied. Therefore, every season there are good conditions for development of already existing pests, and new or previously not enough known pests, as well. During end of August in 2004, in Lastva Grbaljska, in fig fruit (cultivar patlidžanka) several dipterean larvae were noticed. They were slightly smaller and tender than, already known, larvae of the meditteranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata, which has been, until than, the only known dipterean recognized as fig pest in Montenegro. After those larvae were examined in laboratory, it was noticed that posterior spiracles were different in comparison with C. capitata and formed pupae, as well. After adult emergence it was additionally confirmed the pest is black fig fly Silba adipata Mc Alpine (=Lonchaea aristella Beck.). During first half of July and second half of August in 2005 in Radanovic´i and Šušanj premature green fruit drop of cultivars rezavica and sušalica were noticed. After those fruits were examined in laboratory, presence of same larvae were noticed in majority of those, and damages of fruit tissue caused by larvae in form of brown galleries, as well. Round exit hole, formed by fully grown larva which already left the fruit, was also noticeable on majority of fallen fruits. Starting from the second half of August and during September in Lastva Grbaljska presence of larvae in semiripen and ripen fig fruits (cultivar patlidžanka) was noticed again. After fig fruits were sampled in period from half of July until half of September in 2006 and 2007 and examined, it was concluded that infestation of unripe figs was one of the main reasons for premature fruit drop. It was very noticable during July and first half of August for cultivars rezavica and sušalica. Premature fruit drop was not noticeably detected in green fig fruit cultivar patlidžanka. In this paper morphological characteristics of the species, importance of the pest, symptoms and intensity of attack are presented.1 aRadonjic, S.1 aHrncic, S. uhttp://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20103170504.html;jsessionid=716C2D41E3D9C8DB83D0DE8412A970E900708nas a2200169 4500008004100000022002000041245007300061210006800134300001100202490000600213520013300219100002100352700002600373700002200399700001600421856010100437 2010 eng d aISSN: 1886-545300a212 especies de dípteros de Galicia (NO España) (Insecta: Diptera)0 a212 especies de dípteros de Galicia NO España Insecta Diptera a89-1080 v93 aProtearomyia nigra, Setisquamalonchaea fumosa and Silba adipata are recorded for the first time from Galicia in north-west SPAIN1 aCarles-Tolra, M.1 aPortela, J.L., Camano1 aPerez, J.J., Pino1 aPerez, Pino uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/212-especies-de-d-pteros-de-galicia-no-espa-insecta-diptera-001407nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300001400254490000900268520084600277100002201123856014001145 1983 eng d00aField observations on the biology and behavior of the black fig fly Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera, Lonchaeidae), and trapping experiments0 aField observations on the biology and behavior of the black fig  a471 - 4760 v95 3 aLarge populations of the black fig fly, Silba adipata McAlpine, previously misidentified as Lonchaea (Carpolonchaea) aristella Becker, were observed on fig trees in Chios, Greece. On fig trees flies fed mostly during the morning and late afternoon hours, predominantly on sweet exudates from ripe figs and on fresh or dry milky fig-tree sap exuded from injuried plant parts. The odor of this sap attracted the flies. Oviposition always took place in the eye of unripe figs, mostly during the afternoon hours until dark. As many as 63 S. adipata pupae were obtained from a single unripe fig. A parasite, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani (Hym., Pteromalidae), emerged from S. adipata pupae. McPhail traps baited with 2% ammonium sulfate or 0.5 to 1 ml fresh fig-tree sap were attractive for the flies. Sticky, yellow traps were not effective1 aKatsoyannos, B.I. uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/field-observations-biology-and-behavior-black-fig-fly-silba-adipata-mcalpine-diptera-lonchaeidae-and01038nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007100041210006800112300001000180490000700190520057500197100002200772700001700794856009300811 1984 eng d00aHexanol: a potent attractant for the black fig fly, Silba adipata.0 aHexanol a potent attractant for the black fig fly Silba adipata a71-740 v353 aHexanol was the only field attractant for the black fig fly, Silba adipata, among seven generally-occurring plant volatiles tested. This leaf alcohol, dispensed in polyethylene vials inside clear invaginated McPhail traps suspended on fig trees, captured 60 flies/trap/day with a 3:1 ratio of females to males. Hexanol alone was just as effective an attractant as a 2% ammonium sulpate solution but much more selective in attracting S. adipata. However, the combination of hexanol with ammonium sulphate captured three times as many S. adipata as either attractant alone1 aKatsoyannos, B.I.1 aGuerin, P.M. uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/hexanol-potent-attractant-black-fig-fly-silba-adipata02222nas a2200133 4500008004100000245017500041210006900216300001000285490000700295520160900302100001901911700001801930856014001948 2006 eng d00aEffect of some attractive bait traps and independant factors in population density of Fig Fly Fruit Silba virescens (MacQ.) (Lonchidae; Diptera) in Nineveh province Iraq.0 aEffect of some attractive bait traps and independant factors in  a41-440 v243 aPage Editors note - the species referred to here as Silba virescence (sic) is most probably Silba adipata McAlpine The study was carried out at a fig orchard contains two fig varieties, i.e. Northern Banati and Turkish black, at Al-Qubba village in Rashidyia, during the period from April to December 2000, to test the effect of six types of attraction bait traps and independent factors on population density of fig fly fruit Silba virescence (Macq.). The traps were hung at three different heights (1.5, 2 and 2.5 m). Results indicated the efficiency of two types; the fourth type (date honey and water at a proportion of 1:9) and the fifth type comprising a mixture of sugar (10%) and date vinegar (30%), both attracted an average of 43.2 and 45.1 fly/trap, respectively. The control trap type 6, containing water only, was the least attractive 0.9 fly/trap. As for the traps height, the height 2.5m attracted an average 34.3 fly/trap. The Turkish black proved to be more susceptible to infestation by the fly than the second variety (Northern Banati) (34.2 and 14.0%, respectively). The calculated mathematical equation of the effect of independent factors (temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) on the population density of the fly have shown positive and direct effect of temperature and wind speed on the vitality of the fly on one hand and the negative effect and an inverse relationship with relative humidity. Key words: Fig fruit flies, Silba virescence, bait traps, Iraq. Corresponding author: S.I. Abdullah, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, Nineveh, Iraq.1 aAbdullah, S.I.1 aFandy, K., T. uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/effect-some-attractive-bait-traps-and-independant-factors-population-density-fig-fly-fruit-silba-vir02415nas a2200169 4500008004100000245006900041210006800110260001400178300001200192490000800204520191700212100002002129700001602149700001602165700001502181856004902196 2008 eng d00aStudy of Ceratitis capitata and Lonchaea aristella on fig trees.0 aStudy of Ceratitis capitata and Lonchaea aristella on fig trees cSeptember a263-2670 v7983 a

page editors note: The species refferred to here as Lonchaea aristella is almost certainly Silba adipata. A study was carried out on the two main pests of the fig tree, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Lonchaea aristella (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) for 3 years (2002, 2003 and 2004). The trials took lace in an orchard in the Agricultural Experimental Station, in Tavira, Portugal. In this orchard there are 200 trees, 100 of the cultivar Lampa Preta and 100 of the cultivar Bêbera Branca, occupying an area of 2000 m2. The population density of both pests was determined, using Tephri traps supplemented with alimentary attractants. For monitoring and control of C. capitata, 10 Tephri traps with triple alimentary attractant (putrescine, trimethylamine and ammonium acetate) and an insecticide tablet (dichlorvos) were placed in each cultivar. For monitoring and control of L. aristella, eight Tephri traps were placed in each cultivar, four with triple alimentary attractant and an insecticide tablet and four with protein hydrolysate and water with Teepol. All the traps also contained four small branches (≈3 cm long) of fig tree to increase the attractivity of the black fig fly. The traps used in this study were placed at random in order to cover all the orchard area. The trapped insects were counted weekly. Results showed that L. aristella was present in very low numbers (a total of 5 in both cultivars) and only in the last 2 years. The number of adults of C. capitata captured varied from 1-46 during June to a maximum of 424 in September 2004 and mainly in the cultivar Bêbera Branca. In both pests, the sex-ratio showed that there were more females than males in the populations of these insects. It was also verified that, for both the studied pests, the most efficient traps were the ones that contained protein hydrolysate, fig branches and water with Teepol

1 aGonçalves, M.A1 aAndrade, L.1 aAlmeida, L.1 aPica, M.C. uhttp://www.actahort.org/books/798/798_38.htm00794nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148300001400217490000700231520022500238100001900463700001500482700001900497856013200516 2007 eng d00aMediterranean black fig fly, Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), recorded from South Africa0 aMediterranean black fig fly Silba adipata McAlpine Diptera Lonch a383–3840 v153 a

The black fig fly, Silba adipata McAlpine, 1956 (Lonchaeidae) an agricultural pest species previously known only from the Mediterranean and Middle East regions, has been found in South Africa for the first time.

1 aGiliomee, J.H.1 aVenter, E.1 aWohlfarter, M. uhttps://lonchaeidae.myspecies.info/mediterranean-black-fig-fly-silba-adipata-mcalpine-diptera-lonchaeidae-recorded-south-africa